Data processors user guide
==========================

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Creating an eventstream
-----------------------

Throughout this guide we use our demonstration :doc:`simple_shop </datasets/simple_shop>` dataset. It has already been converted to :doc:`Eventstream<eventstream>` and assigned to ``stream`` variable. If you want to use your own dataset, upload it following :ref:`this instruction<eventstream_creation>`.

.. code-block:: python

    import pandas as pd
    from retentioneering import datasets

    stream = datasets.load_simple_shop()

What is a data processor?
-------------------------

*Data processor* is a class that can modify eventstream data in some special and narrow way. For example, data processors can filter events, add some artificial but useful events, truncate user paths according to custom logic, and much more. Data processors are designed to be nodes of a
:doc:`Preprocessing graph<preprocessing>`, which allows us creating complex data processing pipelines.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_0_PGraph.png

    An outline of a preprocessing graph

.. _helpers_and_chain_usage:

Helpers and chaining usage
--------------------------

A *helper* is an ``Eventstream`` method that applies a single data processor to the eventstream data and returns a new modified eventstream.
Essentially, it is a shortcut for the cases when you want to avoid creating a preprocessing graph.

Since an outcome of a helper method is a new eventstream, it is convenient to use method chaining code style
as it is present in other python libraries, such as Pandas, PySpark, etc. For example, here is how to apply :py:meth:`AddStartEndEvents<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.add_start_end_events.AddStartEndEvents>` and :py:meth:`SplitSessions<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.split_sessions.SplitSessions>` sequentially:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream\
        .add_start_end_events()\
        .split_sessions(timeout=(10, 'm'))\
        .to_dataframe()
    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]

.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
          <th>session_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>path_start</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>path_start</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>2</th>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>11</th>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>11</td>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:32</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>6256</th>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>6256</td>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>2019-12-06 16:22:57</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_2</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>23997</th>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>23997</td>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_4</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>23998</th>
          <td>path_end</td>
          <td>23998</td>
          <td>path_end</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_4</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

Hereafter we will use helpers instead of original data processor classes due to simplicity reasons. See some more complex examples of preprocessing :ref:`here <preprocessing_case_study>` and :ref:`here <preprocessing_chain_usage_complex_example>`.

.. _dataprocessors_library:

Data processors library
-----------------------

The table below summarizes all the data processors implemented in retentioneering library.

.. table:: Data processors overview
    :align: center
    :widths: 15 60
    :class: tight-table

    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | Data processor                                    | What it does                                        |
    | | Helper                                            |                                                     |
    +=====================================================+=====================================================+
    | | AddStartEndEvents                                 | Add two synthetic events in each user’s path:       |
    | | :ref:`add_start_end_events<add_start_end_events>` | ``path_start`` and ``path_end``.                    |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | SplitSessions                                     | Cut user path into sessions and adds synthetic      |
    | | :ref:`split_sessions<split_sessions>`             | events ``session_start``, ``session_end``.          |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | LabelNewUsers                                     | Add synthetic event ``new_user`` in the beginning   |
    | | :ref:`label_new_users<label_new_users>`           | of a user’s path if the user is considered as new.  |
    |                                                     | Otherwise adds ``existing_user``.                   |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | LabelLostUsers                                    | Add synthetic event ``lost_user`` in the end of     |
    | | :ref:`label_lost_users<label_lost_users>`         | user’s path if the user never comes back to the     |
    |                                                     | product. Otherwise adds ``absent_user`` event.      |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | AddPositiveEvents                                 | Add synthetic event ``positive_target`` for all     |
    | | :ref:`add_positive_events<add_positive_events>`   | events which are considered as positive.            |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | AddNegativeEvents                                 | Add synthetic event ``negative_target`` for all     |
    | | :ref:`add_negative_events<add_negative_events>`   | events which are considered as negative.            |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | LabelCroppedPaths                                 | Add synthetic events ``cropped_left`` and/or        |
    | | :ref:`label_cropped_paths<label_cropped_paths>`   | ``cropped_right`` for those user paths which are    |
    |                                                     | considered as truncated by the edges of the whole   |
    |                                                     | dataset.                                            |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | FilterEvents                                      | Remove events from an eventstream.                  |
    | | :ref:`filter_events<filter_events>`               |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | DropPaths                                         | Remove a too short user paths (in terms of number   |
    | | :ref:`drop_paths<drop_paths>`                     | of events or time duration).                        |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | TruncatePaths                                     | Leave a part of an eventstream between a couple     |
    | | :ref:`truncate_paths<truncate_paths>`             | of selected events.                                 |
    |                                                     |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | GroupEvents                                       | Group given events into a single synthetic event.   |
    | | :ref:`group_events<group_events>`                 |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | GroupEventsBulk                                   | Apply multiple grouping rules simultaneously.       |
    | | :ref:`group_events_bulk<group_events_bulk>`       |                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | CollapseLoops                                     | Group sequences of repetitive events with new       |
    | | :ref:`collapse_loops<collapse_loops>`             | synthetic events. E.g. ``A, A, A → A``.             |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
    | | Pipe                                              | Apply a custom operation to an eventstream as if    |
    | | :ref:`pipe<pipe>`                                 | it is a pandas DataFrame                            |
    +-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+

Data processors can be partitioned into three groups:

- Adding: processors that add events to an eventstream;
- Removing: processors that remove events from an eventstream;
- Editing: processors that modify existing events in an eventstream (including grouping operations).

In the next sections we organise our narrative according to these partitions.

.. _dataprocessors_adding_processors:

Adding processors
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The processors of that type add some artificial (we also call them *synthetic*) events to an eventstream.
Let us go through each of them.

.. _add_start_end_events:

AddStartEndEvents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

For each user, :py:meth:`AddStartEndEvents<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.add_start_end_events.AddStartEndEvents>`
generates an event called ``path_start`` right before the first user event, and an event
``path_end`` right after the last user event.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_1_add_start_end_events.png

Applying ``AddStartEndEvents`` to mark user trajectory start and finish:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.add_start_end_events().to_dataframe()
    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>path_start</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>path_start</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>10213</th>
          <td>path_end</td>
          <td>10213</td>
          <td>path_end</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

As the DataFrame above shows, the generated events ``path_start``
and ``path_end`` have identical timestamps as the corresponding first and
last events.

.. note::

    We recommend applying this data processor each time you analyze an
    eventstream - since it explicitly sets the borders of an eventstream. It
    can help displaying user paths in :doc:`TransitionGraph </user_guides/transition_graph>`, :doc:`StepMatrix </user_guides/step_matrix>`, and :doc:`StepSankey </user_guides/step_sankey>` tools or calculating user lifetime.

.. _split_sessions:

SplitSessions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

:py:meth:`SplitSessions<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.split_sessions.SplitSessions>`
data processor splits user paths into sessions according to some splitting condition.
For each session, it creates a couple of synthetic events ``session_start`` and
``session_end``, similar to ``AddStartEndEvents``. Session identifiers are formed according to the
template ``<user_id>_<user_session_number>`` and can be found in the column defined by
``session_id`` parameter. The ``user_session_number`` is associated with a session ordinal
number within a user path and always starts with 1.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_2_split_sessions.png

The splitting condition might be 3-fold:

* based either on timeout between two consecutive events (``timeout`` parameter)
* based on a custom delimiting event or a pair of events (``delimiter_events`` parameter)
* based on a column that already contains session identifiers (``delimiter_col`` parameter).

Below is an example of applying ``SplitSessions`` with 10 minutes timeout:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.split_sessions(timeout=(10, 'm')).to_dataframe()
    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
          <th>session_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>9</th>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>9</td>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:32</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_1</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5316</th>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>5316</td>
          <td>session_start</td>
          <td>2019-12-06 16:22:57</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_2</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>21049</th>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>21049</td>
          <td>session_end</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
          <td>219483890_4</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

The result for one user is displayed above. We see that the user
trajectory is partitioned into three sessions. The time distance between
consecutive events within each session is less than 10 minutes.

.. note::

    In order to estimate appropriate value of ``timeout`` parameter, :ref:`Eventstream.timedelta_hist()<eventstream_timedelta_hist>` might be useful.

Suppose you have some events indicating the start and end of a session. You can define them in the ``delimiter_events`` parameter, so that ``SplitSessions`` can split sessions according to their occurrence. Note that the delimiting events will be replaced with ``session_start`` and ``session_end`` synthetic events.  See an example in the :py:meth:`SplitSessions documentation<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.split_sessions.SplitSessions>`.

Also, sometimes you have pre-defined session splitting, so that a special column contains session identifiers. In this case you can pass this column name to ``delimiter_col`` parameter. ``session_start`` and ``session_end`` events will be added according to your custom session splitting. See an example in the :py:meth:`SplitSessions documentation<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.split_sessions.SplitSessions>`.

.. _label_new_users:

LabelNewUsers
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Given a list of users (considered "new"), the
:py:meth:`LabelNewUsers<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.label_new_users.LabelNewUsers>`
data processor labels those users in an eventstream by adding a synthetic ``new_user``
event to each user trajectory start. For all other users, adds an
``existing_user`` synthetic event. All users will be labeled as new when
passed 'all' instead of a list.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_3_label_new_users.png


.. code-block:: python

    new_users = [219483890, 964964743, 965024600]
    res = stream.label_new_users(new_users_list=new_users).to_dataframe()
    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890].head()


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>new_user</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>new_user</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>2</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>product1</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:28</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>4</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:32</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

We can see that user ``219483890`` is marked as a new user.

But user ``501098384`` is marked as an existing user:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 501098384].head()


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>17387</th>
          <td>existing_user</td>
          <td>17387</td>
          <td>existing_user</td>
          <td>2020-04-02 05:36:04</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>17388</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>17388</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2020-04-02 05:36:04</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>17389</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>17389</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-02 05:36:05</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>17390</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>17390</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2020-04-02 05:36:40</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>17391</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>17391</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-02 05:36:41</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

This data processor can be helpful when you have data that chronologically
precedes the clickstream you are working with. For instance, your clickstream
might cover 1-month of user data, and also you have the user login data
for the whole year. In that case, you can use ``LabelNewUsers``
to split users into two categories:

- new users,
- users who have appeared this year before.

.. _label_lost_users:

LabelLostUsers
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Given a list of users (considered "lost"), the
:py:meth:`LabelLostUsers<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.label_lost_users.LabelLostUsers>`
data processor labels those users by adding a synthetic ``lost_user`` event to each
user trajectory end. For all other users, adds an
``absent_user`` synthetic event. When passed a ``timeout`` timedelta value,
the method labels users based on the following strategy: if the
timedelta between the user last event and the eventstream last event
exceeds ``timeout``, label as ``lost_user``; otherwise, label as
``absent_user``.

.. todo::

    Make an image illustrating timeout parameter. dpanina

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_4_label_lost_users.png


.. code-block:: python

    lost_users_list = [219483890, 964964743, 965024600]
    res = stream.label_lost_users(lost_users_list=lost_users_list).to_dataframe()
    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890].tail()


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>5175</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5175</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:11:28</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>9329</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>9329</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:49</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>9330</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>9330</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:51</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>9332</th>
          <td>lost_user</td>
          <td>9332</td>
          <td>lost_user</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

As opposed to user ``219483890``, the user ``501098384`` is labeled as an
``absent_user``.

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 501098384].tail()


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>39127</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>39127</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:48:01</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>39128</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>39128</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:48:01</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>39129</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>39129</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:48:06</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>39130</th>
          <td>absent_user</td>
          <td>39130</td>
          <td>absent_user</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:48:06</td>
          <td>501098384</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

The function of this data processor is similar to
``LabelNewUsers``, except that it adds labels to the end
of user trajectory.

We can also run ``LabelLostUsers`` with ``timeout`` passed, to
arbitrarily label some users as lost. Assume we consider a user
absent if there have been no events for 30 days:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.label_lost_users(timeout=(30, 'D')).to_dataframe()


Before we inspect the results of applying the data processor,
notice that the eventstream ends at ``2020-04-29 12:48:07``.

.. code-block:: python

    res['timestamp'].max()


.. parsed-literal::

    Timestamp('2020-04-29 12:48:07.595390')


User ``495985018`` is labeled as lost since her last event occurred
on ``2019-11-02``. It’s more than 30 days before the end of the
eventstream.

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 495985018]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>47</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>47</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 01:14:08</td>
          <td>495985018</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>48</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 01:14:37</td>
          <td>495985018</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>49</th>
          <td>lost_user</td>
          <td>49</td>
          <td>lost_user</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 01:14:37</td>
          <td>495985018</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

On the other hand, user ``819489198`` is labeled ``absent`` because
her last event occurred on ``2020-04-15``, less than 30 days
before ``2020-04-29``.

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 819489198]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>26529</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>26529</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2020-04-15 21:02:36</td>
          <td>819489198</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>26544</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>26544</td>
          <td>payment_card</td>
          <td>2020-04-15 21:03:46</td>
          <td>819489198</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>26545</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>26545</td>
          <td>payment_done</td>
          <td>2020-04-15 21:03:47</td>
          <td>819489198</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>26546</th>
          <td>absent_user</td>
          <td>26546</td>
          <td>absent_user</td>
          <td>2020-04-15 21:03:47</td>
          <td>819489198</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

.. _add_positive_events:

AddPositiveEvents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

:py:meth:`AddPositiveEvents<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.add_positive_events.AddPositiveEvents>`
data processor supports two parameters:

-  ``targets`` - list of "positive" events
   (for instance, associated with some conversion goal of the user behavior)
-  ``func`` - this function accepts parent ``Eventstream`` as an
   argument and returns ``pandas.DataFrame`` contains only the lines
   of the events we would like to label as positive.

By default, for each user trajectory, an event from the
specified list (and minimum timestamp) is taken and cloned with
``positive_target_<EVENTNAME>`` as the ``event`` and ``positive_target``
type.


.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_5_positive.png

.. code-block:: python

    positive_events = ['cart', 'payment_done']
    res = stream.add_positive_events(
        targets=positive_events
        ).to_dataframe()

Consider user ``219483890``, whose ``cart`` event appeared in her
trajectory with ``event_index=2``. A synthetic event
``positive_target_cart`` is added right after it.

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>product1</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:28</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>2</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3</th>
          <td>positive_target</td>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>positive_target_cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5116</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5116</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:42</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5117</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5117</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>9187</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>9187</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:51</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

In opposite to this user, user ``24427596`` has no positive events, so
her path remains unchanged:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 24427596]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>68</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>68</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:28:07</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>69</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>69</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:28:14</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>71</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>71</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:29:42</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

This data processor can make it easier to label events that we would
like to consider as positive. It might be helpful for further analysis
with tools like ``TransitionGraph``, ``StepMatrix``, and
``SankeyStep`` - as it will help to highlight the positive events.

Another way to set positive events is to pass a custom function in ``func``.
For example, assume we need to label each target in a trajectory, not just the
first one:

.. code-block:: python

    def custom_func(eventstream, targets) -> pd.DataFrame:

        event_col = eventstream.schema.event_name
        df = eventstream.to_dataframe()

        return df[df[event_col].isin(targets)]

    res = stream.add_positive_events(
              targets=positive_events,
              func=custom_func
              ).to_dataframe()


.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>product1</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:28</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>2</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3</th>
          <td>positive_target</td>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>positive_target_cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5116</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5116</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:42</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5117</th>
          <td>positive_target</td>
          <td>5117</td>
          <td>positive_target_cart</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:42</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5118</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5118</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:52</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>9188</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>9188</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:51</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

.. _add_negative_events:

AddNegativeEvents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The idea of
:py:meth:`AddNegativeEvents<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.add_negative_events.AddNegativeEvents>`
data processor is the same as ``AddPositiveEvents``, but
applied to negative labels instead of positive ones.

-  ``targets`` - list of "positive" ``events``
    (for instance, associated with some negative result of the user behavior)
-  ``func`` - this function accepts parent ``Eventstream`` as an
   argument and returns ``pandas.DataFrame``, which contains only the lines
   of the events we would like to label as negative.


.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_6_negative.png

.. code-block:: python

    negative_events = ['delivery_courier']

    res = stream.add_negative_events(
              targets=negative_events
              ).to_dataframe()

Works similarly to the ``AddPositiveEvents`` data processor - in this
case, it will add negative event next to the ``delivery_courier`` event:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 629881394]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>7</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>7</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 22:28:54</td>
          <td>629881394</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>39</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>39</td>
          <td>delivery_courier</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 22:36:02</td>
          <td>629881394</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>41</th>
          <td>negative_target</td>
          <td>41</td>
          <td>negative_target_delivery_courier</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 22:36:02</td>
          <td>629881394</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>44</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>44</td>
          <td>payment_choice</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 22:36:02</td>
          <td>629881394</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>..</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>13724</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>13724</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-03-30 03:19:59</td>
          <td>629881394</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

.. _label_cropped_paths:

LabelCroppedPaths
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

:py:meth:`LabelCroppedPaths<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.label_cropped_paths.LabelCroppedPaths>`
addresses a common practical problem, when some trajectories are
truncated due to the dataset’s natural boundaries.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_7_label_cropped_timeline.png

The diagram above illustrates this problem. Consider two user paths –
blue and orange. In
reality, the blue path started before the beginning of the eventstream.
But we cannot observe that - since we haven’t access to the events to the
left from the beginning of the eventstream.
So, instead of the actual start of the user path, we observe a "false"
beginning, and the observed trajectory is truncated.

A similar situation occurs with the orange user path. Instead of the
actual trajectory end, we only observe the "false" trajectory end.

One possible way to mark truncated paths is to detect
trajectories that are "too short" for a typical trajectory, and
whose shortness can be attributed to being truncated.

``LabelCroppedPaths`` data processor uses passed ``left_cutoff`` and
``right_cutoff`` timedeltas and labels user trajectories as
``cropped_left`` or ``cropped_right`` based on the following
policy:

-  if the last event of a user trajectory is distanced from the first
   event of the whole eventstream by less than
   ``left_cutoff``, consider the user trajectory truncated
   from the left, and create ``cropped_left`` synthetic event at the
   trajectory start;

-  if the first event of a user trajectory is distanced from the last
   event of the whole eventstream by less than
   ``right_cutoff``, consider the user trajectory truncated
   from the right, and create ``cropped_right`` synthetic event at the
   trajectory end.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_8_label_cropped_paths.png



Sometimes, it can be a good practice to use different cutoff values and
compare them in some fashion to select the best.

It can be helpful to use
:py:meth:`TimedeltaHist<retentioneering.tooling.timedelta_hist.timedelta_hist.TimedeltaHist>` method
with specified ``event_pair=('eventstream_start', 'path_end')`` for choosing ``left_cutoff``
value and ``event_pair=('path_start', 'eventstream_end')`` for choosing ``right_cutoff``.

See more about :ref:`eventstream descriptive methods<eventstream_descriptive_methods>`.


.. code-block:: python

    params = {
        'left_cutoff': (4, 'D'),
        'right_cutoff': (3, 'D')
    }

    res = stream.label_cropped_paths(**params).to_dataframe()

Displaying the eventstream start and end timestamps:

.. code-block:: python

    print('Eventstream start: {}'.format(res.timestamp.min()))
    print('Eventstream end: {}'.format(res.timestamp.max()))


.. parsed-literal::

    Eventstream start: 2019-11-01 17:59:13.273932
    Eventstream end: 2020-04-29 12:48:07.595390


The trajectory of the following user ends at ``2019-11-02 01:14:38`` - which is too
close to the eventstream start(for the given ``left_cutoff``
value), so the ``LabelCroppedPaths`` data processor labels it as truncated
from the left:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 495985018]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>47</th>
          <td>cropped_left</td>
          <td>47</td>
          <td>cropped_left</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 01:14:08</td>
          <td>495985018</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>48</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 01:14:08</td>
          <td>495985018</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>49</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>49</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 01:14:37</td>
          <td>495985018</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

The trajectory of the following user starts at ``2020-04-29 12:24:21`` - which is too
close to the eventstream end(for the given ``right_cutoff``
value), so
the ``LabelCroppedPaths`` data processor labels it as truncated from the
right:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 831491833]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>35627</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>35627</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:24:21</td>
          <td>831491833</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>35628</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>35628</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:24:33</td>
          <td>831491833</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>35629</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>35629</td>
          <td>product2</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:24:39</td>
          <td>831491833</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>35630</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>35630</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:24:59</td>
          <td>831491833</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>35631</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>35631</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:25:06</td>
          <td>831491833</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>35632</th>
          <td>cropped_right</td>
          <td>35632</td>
          <td>cropped_right</td>
          <td>2020-04-29 12:25:06</td>
          <td>831491833</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>


Removing processors
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. _filter_events:

FilterEvents
^^^^^^^^^^^^

:py:meth:`FilterEvents<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.filter_events.FilterEvents>`
keeps events based on the masking function ``func``.
The function should return a boolean mask for the input dataframe(a series
of boolean True or False variables that filter the DataFrame underlying
the eventstream).

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_9_filter_events.png


Let us say we are interested only in specific events - for example, only
in events of users that appear in some pre-defined list of users.
``FilterEvents`` allows us to access only those events:

.. code-block:: python

    def save_specific_users(df, schema):
        users_to_save = [219483890, 964964743, 965024600]
        return df[schema.user_id].isin(users_to_save)

    res = stream.filter_events(func=save_specific_users).to_dataframe()

The resulting eventstream includes these three users only:

.. code-block:: python

    res['user_id'].unique().astype(int)


.. parsed-literal::

    array([219483890, 964964743, 965024600])

Note that the masking function accepts ``schema`` optional argument.
Having this parameter defined, you can access any eventstream column,
defined in its
:py:meth:`EventstreamSchema<retentioneering.eventstream.schema.EventstreamSchema>`.
However, you could also access ``user_id`` directly with ``df['user_id']`` calling.

This makes such masking functions reusable regardless of eventstream
column titles.

Using ``FilterEvents`` data processor, we can
also remove specific events from the eventstream. Let us remove all
``catalog`` and ``main`` events, assuming they are non-informative for
us:

.. code-block:: python

    stream.to_dataframe()\
        ['event']\
        .value_counts()\
        [lambda s: s.index.isin(['catalog', 'main'])]


.. parsed-literal::

    catalog    14518
    main        5635
    Name: event, dtype: int64


.. code-block:: python

    def exclude_events(df, schema):
        events_to_exclude = ['catalog', 'main']
        return ~df[schema.event_name].isin(events_to_exclude)

    res = stream.filter_events(func=exclude_events).to_dataframe()

We can see that ``res`` DataFrame does not have "useless" events anymore.

.. code-block:: python

    res['event']\
        .value_counts()\
        [lambda s: s.index.isin(['catalog', 'main'])]


.. parsed-literal::

    Series([], Name: event, dtype: int64)

.. _drop_paths:

DropPaths
^^^^^^^^^

:py:meth:`DropPaths<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.drop_paths.DropPaths>`
removes the paths which we consider "too short". We might
be interested in excluding such paths - in case they are too short to
be informative for our task.

Path length can be specified in the following ways:

- setting the number of events comprising a path,
- setting the time distance between the beginning and the end of the path.

The former is associated with ``min_steps`` parameter, the latter –
with ``min_time`` parameter. Thus, ``DropPaths`` removes all
the paths of length less than ``min_steps`` or ``min_time``.

Diagram for specified ``min_steps``:

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_10_drop_paths_steps.png


Diagram for specified ``min_time``:

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_10_drop_paths_min_time.png


Let us showcase both variants of the ``DropPaths``
data processor:

A minimum number of events specified:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.drop_paths(min_steps=25).to_dataframe()

Any remaining user has at least 25 events. For example, user
``629881394`` has 48 events.

.. code-block:: python

    len(res[res['user_id'] == 629881394])


.. parsed-literal::

    48


A minimum path length (user lifetime) is specified:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.drop_paths(min_time=(1, 'M')).to_dataframe()


Any remaining user has been "alive" for at least a month. For
example, user ``964964743`` started her trajectory on ``2019-11-01`` and
ended on ``2019-12-09``.

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 964964743].iloc[[0, -1]]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>4</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 21:38:19</td>
          <td>964964743</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3457</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3457</td>
          <td>delivery_pickup</td>
          <td>2019-12-09 01:43:57</td>
          <td>964964743</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

.. _truncate_paths:

TruncatePaths
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

For each user trajectory, :py:meth:`TruncatePaths<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.truncate_paths.TruncatePaths>`
drops all events before or after a particular event.
The following parameters specify the behavior:

-  ``drop_before``: event name before which part of the user’s path is
   dropped. The specified event remains in the eventstream.

-  ``drop_after``: event name after which part of the user’s path is
   dropped. The specified event remains in the eventstream.

-  ``occurrence_before``: if set to ``first`` (by default), all events
   before the first occurrence of the ``drop_before`` event are dropped.
   If set to ``last``, all events before the last occurrence of the
   ``drop_before`` event are dropped.

-  ``occurrence_after``: the same behavior as in the
   ``occurrence_before``, but for right (after the event) path
   truncation.

-  ``shift_before``: sets the number of steps by which the truncate
   point is shifted from the selected event. If the value is negative,
   the offset occurs to the left along the timeline; if positive,
   then the offset occurs to the right.

-  ``shift_after``: the same behavior as in the shift_before, but for
   right (after the event) path truncation.

The path remains unchanged if the specified event is not present in a user path.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_11_truncate_paths.png


Suppose we want to see what happens to the user after she jumps to a
``cart`` event and also to find out which events preceded the ``cart`` event.
To do this, we can use ``TruncatePaths`` with specified
``drop_before='cart'`` and ``shift_before=-2``:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.truncate_paths(
              drop_before='cart',
              shift_before=-2
              ).to_dataframe()

Now some users have their trajectories truncated, because they had at
least one ``cart`` in their path:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>product1</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:28</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>2</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:32</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>10317</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>10317</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-02-14 21:04:51</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

As we can see, this path now starts with the two events preceding the
``cart`` (``event_index=0,1``) and the ``cart`` event right after them
(``event_index=2``). Another ``cart`` event occurred here
(``event_index=5827``), but since the default
``occurrence_before='first'`` was triggered, the data processor
ignored this second cart.

Some users do not have any ``cart`` events - and their
trajectories have not been changed:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 24427596]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>89</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>89</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:28:07</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>90</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>90</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:28:14</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>91</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>91</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:29:08</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>92</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>92</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-02 07:29:41</td>
          <td>24427596</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

We can also perform truncation from the right, or specify for the truncation
point to be not the first but the last occurrence of the ``cart``. To
demonstrate both, let us set ``drop_after="cart"`` and
``occurrence_after="last"``:

.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.truncate_paths(
              drop_after='cart',
              occurrence_after="last"
              ).to_dataframe()

Now, any trajectory which includes a ``cart`` is truncated to the end with the
last ``cart``:

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 219483890]


.. raw:: html


    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>0</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>1</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>product1</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:28</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>2</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-01 17:59:29</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>...</th>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
          <td>...</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5639</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5639</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:15</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5640</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5640</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2020-01-06 22:10:42</td>
          <td>219483890</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

Editing processors
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. _group_events:

GroupEvents
^^^^^^^^^^^

Given a masking function passed as a ``func``,
:py:meth:`GroupEvents<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.group_events.GroupEvents>` replaces
all the events marked by ``func`` with newly created synthetic events
of ``event_name`` name and ``event_type`` type (``group_alias`` by
default). The timestamps of these synthetic events are the same as their
parents'. ``func`` can be any function that returns a series of
boolean (``True/False``) variables that can be used as a filter for the
DataFrame underlying the eventstream.


.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_12_group_events.png



With ``GroupEvents``, we can group events based on the event name. Suppose
we need to assign a common name ``product`` to events ``product1`` and
``product2``:

.. code-block:: python

    def group_events(df, schema):
        events_to_group = ['product1', 'product2']
        return df[schema.event_name].isin(events_to_group)

    params = {
        'event_name': 'product',
        'func': group_events
    }

    res = stream.group_events(**params).to_dataframe()

As we can see, user ``456870964`` now has two ``product`` events
(``event_index=160, 164``) with ``event_type=‘group_alias’``).

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 456870964]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>157</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>157</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:46:55</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>158</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>158</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:47:46</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>159</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>159</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:47:58</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>160</th>
          <td>group_alias</td>
          <td>160</td>
          <td>product</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:48:43</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>162</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>162</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:17</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>163</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>163</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:17</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>164</th>
          <td>group_alias</td>
          <td>164</td>
          <td>product</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:28</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>166</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>166</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:30</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

Previously, both events were named
``product1`` and ``product2`` and had ``raw`` event types:

.. code-block:: python

    stream.to_dataframe().query('user_id == 456870964')


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>140</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>140</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:46:55</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>141</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>141</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:47:46</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>142</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>142</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:47:58</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>143</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>143</td>
          <td>product1</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:48:43</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>144</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>144</td>
          <td>cart</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:17</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>145</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>145</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:17</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>146</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>146</td>
          <td>product2</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:28</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>147</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>147</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-11-03 11:49:30</td>
          <td>456870964</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

You can also notice that the newly created ``product`` events have
``event_id`` that differs from their parents' event_ids.

.. note::

    ``schema`` parameter of the grouping function is optional as well as in
    :ref:`FilterEvents<filter_events>` data processor.

.. _group_events_bulk:

GroupEventsBulk
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

GroupEventsBulk is a simple extension of the :ref:`GroupEvents<group_events>` data processor. It allows to apply multiple grouping operations simultaneously. The only positional argument ``grouping_rules`` defines grouping rules to be applied to the eventstream.

One option is to define grouping rules as a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary must contain two keys: ``event_name`` and ``func``, ``event_type`` key is optional. The meaning of the keys is exactly the same as for :ref:`GroupEvents<group_events>` data processor.

.. code-block:: python

    stream.group_events_bulk(
        [
            {
                'event_name': 'product',
                'event_type': 'group_product',
                'func': lambda _df: _df['event'].str.startswith('product')
            },
            {
                'event_name': 'delivery',
                'func': lambda _df: _df['event'].str.startswith('delivery')
            }
        ]
    )

An alternative way to set grouping rules is to use a dictionary. The keys and the values are considered as ``event_name`` and ``func`` correspondingly. Setting ``event_type`` is not supported in this case.

.. code-block:: python

    stream.group_events_bulk(
        {
            'product': lambda _df: _df['event'].str.startswith('product'),
            'delivery': lambda _df: _df['event'].str.startswith('delivery')
        }
    )

.. note::

    If at least two grouping rules might be applied to the same original event, ``ValueError`` is thrown. This behaviour is controlled by ``ignore_intersections`` flag. If ``ignore_intersections=True``, the first grouping rule is applied in case of such conflicts.

.. _collapse_loops:

CollapseLoops
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

:py:meth:`CollapseLoops<retentioneering.data_processors_lib.collapse_loops.CollapseLoops>`
replaces all uninterrupted series of repetitive user
events (loops) with one new ``loop`` - like event.
The ``suffix`` parameter defines the name of the new event:

-  given ``suffix=None``, names new event with the old event_name, i.e. passes along
   the name of the repeating event;
-  given ``suffix="loop"``, names new event ``event_name_loop``;
-  given ``suffix="count"``, names new event
   ``event_name_loop_{number of event repetitions}``.

The ``time_agg`` value determines the new event timestamp:

-  given ``time_agg="max"`` (the default option), passes the
   timestamp of the last event from the loop;
-  given ``time_agg="min"``, passes the timestamp of
   the first event from the loop;
-  given ``time_agg="mean"``, passes the average loop
   timestamp.

.. figure:: /_static/user_guides/data_processor/dp_13_collapse_loops.png


.. code-block:: python

    res = stream.collapse_loops(suffix='loop', time_agg='max').to_dataframe()

Consider for example user ``2112338``. In the original eventstream she
had three consecutive ``catalog`` events.

.. code-block:: python

    stream.to_dataframe().query('user_id == 2112338')


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>3327</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3327</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:04</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3328</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3328</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:08</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3329</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3329</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:16</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3330</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3330</td>
          <td>catalog</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:44</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>3331</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>3331</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:52</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

In the resulting DataFrame, the repeating "catalog" events have been collapsed to a single
``catalog_loop`` event. The timestamp of this synthetic event is the
same as the timestamp of the last looping event:
``2019-12-24 12:58:44``.

.. code-block:: python

    res[res['user_id'] == 2112338]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>5061</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5061</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:04</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5066</th>
          <td>group_alias</td>
          <td>5066</td>
          <td>catalog_loop</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:44</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5069</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5069</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:52</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

We can set the suffix to see the length of the loops we removed.
Also, let us see how ``time_agg`` works if
we set it to ``mean``.

.. code-block:: python

    params = {
        'suffix': 'count',
        'time_agg': 'mean'
    }

    res = stream.collapse_loops(**params).to_dataframe()
    res[res['user_id'] == 2112338]


.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
      <thead>
        <tr style="text-align: right;">
          <th></th>
          <th>event_type</th>
          <th>event_index</th>
          <th>event</th>
          <th>timestamp</th>
          <th>user_id</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th>5071</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5071</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:04</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5076</th>
          <td>group_alias</td>
          <td>5076</td>
          <td>catalog_loop_3</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:23</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <th>5079</th>
          <td>raw</td>
          <td>5079</td>
          <td>main</td>
          <td>2019-12-24 12:58:52</td>
          <td>2112338</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <br>

Now, the synthetic ``catalog_loop_3`` event has ``12:58:23`` time -
the average of ``12:58:08``, ``12:58:16`` and ``12:58:44``.

The ``CollapseLoops`` data processor can be useful for compressing the
data:

- by packing loop information into single events,
- removing looping events, in case they are not desirable
  (which can be a common case in clickstream visualization).

.. _pipe:

Pipe
^^^^

Pipe is a data processor similar to `pandas pipe <https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.pipe.html>`_
method. It modifies an input eventstream in an arbitrary way by applying given function.
The function must accept a DataFrame associated with the input eventstream and return a new state
of the modified eventstream.

.. code-block:: python

    stream.pipe(lambda _df: _df.assign(new_column=100))\
        .to_dataframe()\
        .head(3)

.. raw:: html

    <div><table class="dataframe">
        <thead>
            <tr style="text-align: right;">
              <th></th>
              <th>user_id</th>
              <th>event</th>
              <th>timestamp</th>
              <th>new_column</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th>0</th>
              <td>219483890</td>
              <td>path_start</td>
              <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13.273932</td>
              <td>100</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th>1</th>
              <td>219483890</td>
              <td>catalog</td>
              <td>2019-11-01 17:59:13.273932</td>
              <td>100</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th>2</th>
              <td>219483890</td>
              <td>product1</td>
              <td>2019-11-01 17:59:28.459271</td>
              <td>100</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>

.. _synthetic_events_order:

Synthetic events order
----------------------

Let us summarize the information about event type and event order in the eventstream.
As we have already discussed in the eventstream guide: :ref:`event_type column<event_type_explanation>` and
:ref:`reindex method<index_explanation>`.

All events came from a sourcing DataFrame are of ``raw`` event type.
When we apply adding or editing data processors new synthetic events are created.
General idea is that each synthetic event has a "parent" or "parents" that
defines its timestamp.

When you apply multiple data processors, timestamp collisions might occur, so it is
unclear how the events should be ordered. For colliding events,
the following sorting order is applied, based on event types (earlier event types
are added earlier), also you can see which data processor
for which event_type is responsible:

.. table:: Mapping of event_types and data processors.
    :widths: 10 40 40
    :class: tight-table

    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | Order | event_type              | helper                                                  |
    +=======+=========================+=========================================================+
    |  1    | profile                 |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  2    | path_start              | :ref:`add_start_end_events<add_start_end_events>`       |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  3    | new_user                | :ref:`label_new_users<label_new_users>`                 |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  4    | existing_user           | :ref:`label_new_users<label_new_users>`                 |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  5    | cropped_left            | :ref:`label_cropped_paths<label_cropped_paths>`         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  6    | session_start           | :ref:`split_sessions<split_sessions>`                   |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  7    | session_start_cropped   | :ref:`split_sessions<split_sessions>`                   |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  8    | group_alias             | :ref:`group_events<group_events>`                       |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  9    | raw                     |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  10   | raw_sleep               |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  11   | None                    |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  12   | synthetic               |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  13   | synthetic_sleep         |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  14   | add_positive_events     | :ref:`add_positive_events<add_positive_events>`         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  15   | add_negative_events     | :ref:`add_negative_events<add_negative_events>`         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  16   | session_end_cropped     | :ref:`split_sessions<split_sessions>`                   |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  17   | session_end             | :ref:`split_sessions<split_sessions>`                   |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  18   | session_sleep           |                                                         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  19   | cropped_right           | :ref:`label_cropped_paths<label_cropped_paths>`         |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  20   | absent_user             | :ref:`label_lost_users<label_lost_users>`               |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  21   | lost_user               | :ref:`label_lost_users<label_lost_users>`               |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    |  22   | path_end                | :ref:`add_start_end_events<add_start_end_events>`       |
    +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+